Process for treating fatty substances.



W. T. POWLING. PBOOESS FOR TREATING FATTY SUBSTANCES.

APPLIGATICN FILED MAR. 29. 1913.

Patented Dec. 15, 1914,

3 SHEETB-SHEET l.

W, T. BOWLING. PROCESS FOR TREATING FATTY SUBSTANCES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29. 1918.

Patented D60. 15, 1914 a $HEETS$HEET 2.

cwifizesses.

fU/ QQM W. T. POWLING.

PROCESS FOR TREATING FATTY SUBSTANCES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.29.1913. 1,11 5, Patented Dec.15,1914.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3 IIIIII IIIII'IIW WILLIAM THOMAS POWLING, OF PRITTLEWIILL, ENGLAND.

PROCESS FOR TREATING FATTY SUBSTANCES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 15, 1914.

" Application filed March 29, 1913. Serial No. 757,688.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, IVILLIAM THOMAS PowLnzo, a subject of the King of England,

residing at Prittlewell, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for Treating Fatty Subties for handling the same are obtained,

rendering the processless objectionable to the attendants; (c) frothing or fobbing is prevented and (d) the offensive odors and nuisances attending the treatment of such materials are to a large extent obviated.

Heretofore materials of the kind referred to have in some cases been treated with water and other solvents in a digester with the result that the glue and other gelatinous substances as well as the fat have been extracted from the residue thereby rendering it of little or no value as food for poultry, cattle and othcr animals. In the cases re.- ferrcd to the residue was utilized as manure.

The present improvements consist in operating upon the materials dealt with in comparatively small quantities 'without added water or other solvents in a closed h rizontal cylindrical vessel surrounded by a heating surface into contact with which the materials operated upon are either constantly thrown in such a way as to cause them to be sn'cad out in a substantially thin layer o'er the whole heating surface, or are successively carried in small quantities into close proximity with such heating surface without coming into actual contact therewith.

In order to carry out this process I employ a horizontal shaft journaled co-axially with the aforesaid cylindrical vessel. This shaft is provided with arms carrying horizmtal blades which are driven at such a speed as to enable them to lift and throw the coatents into contact with the entire circumference of the said cylindrical vessel.

In some cases the aforesaid blade carrying, arms may be provided with a perforated drum open at its ends through which the material to be treated is introduced. By means of the aforesaid perforated drum and the blades therein the said material is maintained in contact with its periphery (which rotates in close proxin'iity with the heating surface) during a suitable period while the drum is driven.

I am aware that it has heretofore been proposed to employ a digestcr consisting of a horizontal steam jacketed cylinder pro vided with 'stirrers adapted to keep the material under treatment on the move so as to prevent the coking of the solid material rest-ing upon the heating surface and to conduce to the distribution of the hcatin the material under treatment. In another case it was proposed to use scrapers to keep the interior heating surfaces of the digester cle n. I am also aware that it has been proposed to dry the residue (after the digesting process has been completed) in a horizontal. steam jacketed cylinder provided with pulverizers or agitators to break up the masses and so facilitate the evaporation of any moisture they contain by constantly exposing fresh surfaces of the material to the action. of the hot gases and to thatlportion of the heating surface upon which it lies. In none of the foregoing cases was the material dealt with in small quantities nor were the stirrers or scrapers driven at such a speed as to throw the material into contact with the heating surface above the level of the material under treatment. It has also been proposed to treat carcasses and offal with steam in a steam jacketed horizontal cylinder having a slowly rotating cylindrical sieve therein the ends of which were closed. The material to be treated was in this case introduced into the cylindrical sieve through a man-hole in its circumferential walls and was subjected to a crushing process by a loose roller adapted to roll therein while the cylindrical sieve was slowly driven. In this case no blades were provided (which would have hindered the operation of the crushing roller) nor was the rotation of the sieve fast enough to carry its contents around with it so as to carry them in proximity with the upper heating surface of the cyl-.

inder.

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According to one mode of eerrying my invention into practice 1 empioj a. bore Wiiis s the progress of the operation may be weiohed or asoerteineai Almenhoie is also PIGViCifiii preferably in the 5am end seer the lower "portion thereef through which the residue or graves may be wisiuirewii by means of ei'eke or other eonveiiieni; Well-known means after one operation hes been completed and the fee iziiwn ofi' Above this manhole or new the upper edge of the cover thereof a suiieioie oufiiet or cook may be provided 'shrougo. which the he or other liquor may he draws in some asses this cock may be dispensed wish and. the said. liquor drawn off by sieokenine; the said manhole ooveiu The interior of the aforesaid. horizomfia" vessel is provided with e sizgzfs journsied at both ends preferably oi; the center of the cylinder. This shaft is "gnrovioied wish blades or lifters approprieieiy wronged throughout its length... Piefembiy alternate blades which extend on both sides of the shaft are sei at an angle of 96" This lifter shafi; is driven as on appropriate speed. by' spin? Wheel and pinion or e ther suitable gearing from any eonvenieiit source of power the speed being suoii as to iiii'ow the contents of the cylinder and so distribute it in a thin layer against; the whole of the heating surface above the ievei iiie mm teriei being treateii. In this Way size whole of the .msgteriei being Nested is eonsteneiy broken up so as to feeiiitete side getting sway'of the vapors genera/ted mod so PT- vent frothin. oi" fobiiiiigi "Hie said mate-- rial is also sought into intimate contact with i'ioe entire heeizing surface filhe (ii-he? one! of the aforesaid; CYi'iDKIiXifimi vessei enterefii by flue "which is preferably in oiineei and ihrougfzi which the vapors gee: seated pass to e eomieiises or ioso e ehimmy 01 other outlet. in this Woy or by moons of any other suitable exhausting oppemi-us a, partial vacuum may formed in the,

aforesaid cylindrical vessei enabling the process to be carries out e iower temperature; A vertical feeding fiiirooi; enters the aforesaid vessel preferably the some point so that the materiel on entering so ceives a pfeliminsry heating from the hot; vapors as they pass out, The flooding theses,

is provided with e suitebie cover by moons of which it is preferobiy ciosed during the operation of reducing the material uncior is provicied. W

ivzici Wimi iiiie spur Wiieei mosmeqi on the s- N the interior shaiafi is provided with a perforated 'cirum instead of the blades iiel'einbe fore ieferreii ice. The dismeiei of this drum is such that its circumference is in eiose proximity with the heating s fuse so that am; mzateiiai fed into the ii: the saiei (1mm is brought into Ciu with such heati g surface 0 moi i'iig sc lei Contact therewito uniiii 1 been rsdueeci when it is c resin 05%. arrangement is Weii :idap' ml is: meat, of sweei; fats ii'iiicii are a. iiezvbeii and aii burning and eoios'etion are prev oi vanes 01 the like by 111C; i material feci into is caused to rotate with it, am? thus consientiy turned over a" the hot gases thereby enobied to (OIKPPiELEi Y permeei'e This drum is driven oi sooii speed as to enable the eontemts mninmiiieci contacfi: with the pe throw how, its eomploie re'i'oiuiion by e trifug fierce.

eppa ius. mini other It wiii be understooii tied the i piovicieci with suitable usual fittings of weli-imown wiii new proceefi to more glsiiicuiafh iiesc i'oe my 1 the acoompeiiymg: dfiiWiDgS '$\"i1'i0i?.2--

Figure 1 is verticei iongiimiimi s jacket (5 provideci with o, suiieirie iniei. e

outiei; (if and trap 6 so iimw oi? any eoiidoused water. Suitable end covers 7" are:

having some iiioimieii there 221%; an angle of 3%". These swims i e meirioeiiy across iiie eyiiw. i I are giroviieei ei; wish. i. j irdspie W'- es a, i; am? shim? ikiie (innit-em. i rieei vessei 1 in zo eiiuo Weiie tiiei'eoi siniieh comments she v "H e sheii; iii-is eeirrieci is one emi in iiesmiig whisk does mi extend. tixrmsg'iz. the sa d. 1? F3 The opposite end oi said. sheiii siirough s 2 iii the one, cover 1s provides ore. the oiiie sicie mire pinion m which es sthrough the floor above, enters the end cover 9 through which the material to be treated is introduced into the apparatus. A flue s which enters the throat r, is provided to carry oil the gases and vapors which are given off during the process. This flue may be led into a chimney or a suitable exhausting apparatus whereby a partial vacuum may be maintained, and a door 6 may be provided by means of which the rate at which the said vapors to be drawn off may be adjusted.

A suitable cover to may be employed to close the feed throat 7' and may be provided with means, not shown, for maintaining the same on its seat so as to prevent the escape of gases therethrough.

In practice steam or other suitable heat ing medium is caused to enter the jacket 6 through theinlet c and the shaft '2 is driven at such a speed as will enable the blades carried by the arms i to continuously throw the contents of the cylindrical vessel a into contact with its entire heating surface. The material to be treated is then introduced through thethroat '7 and is at first deposited at that end of the vessel but is subsequently distributed throughout its length by the operation of the blades During the process, progress may be observed through the window 1) and when the fat and other material has been suliiciently reduced the cock to is opened and the fluid contents drawn oil. lhe manhole cover is then removed aud the graves or other residue withdrawn by means of a rake or other convenient means.

When the apparatus is at work the manhole cover a; is maintained in position by a setscrew or its equivalent 1 which passes through a screw-threaded hole in a bar 2 whose ends enter open slots formed in the lugs 1.

In some cases the cock w may be dispensed with and the fluid contents withdrawn by slackening the fastenings of the manhole cover x which permits themto percolate through the same. The apparatus may be mounted on a suitable brickwork setting or otherwise supported in any convenient man- 'ner.

According to the modification illustrated by Figs. 3 and 4: which is better adapted for the treatment of sweet fats, the blades j which extend the full length of the cylindrical vessel and are carried by the arms 2' mounted on the shaft k, are surrounded by thrown b the blades '*'is revented from coming into actual contact with the heating surface of the cylindrical vessel. In this way burning is avoided and consequently discoloration is prevented.

For the purpose of treating oil seeds or bones, I prefer to first crush or otherwise reduce them to small pieces.

I claim:

The process for melting and treating tallow and other fats and for degreasing bones and the like consisting in dealing with comparatively small quantities of the material to be treated without added water or other solvents in a horizontal jacketed cylinder wherein such material is lifted or thrown by blades or equivalent parts driven at such a speed as to continually lift or throw such material into contact or close proximity with substantially the entire heating surface in a substantially thin layer until the oleaginous matter has been melted and the aqueous constituents sufliciently evaporated substantially as described in the specification. i

In testimony i-vhereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

l/VILLIAM THOMAS POWLING.

Witnesses: v

EDGAR A. Gonnm,

JOHN W. MAOHATTIE. 

